If the custodial parent is under a court’s order and plans to move out-of-state with the child, then that parent must first obtain the court’s permission. Furthermore, failure to notify the court of a proposed move, either out of Arizona, or over 100 miles within the state, could have serious legal ramifications. A parent under a custody order cannot simply decide unilaterally to move away — the child remains under the continuing jurisdiction of the Arizona courts until age 18 (or emancipated).
As in all Arizona custody matters, the family court judge is guided by what is in the best interests of the child. When the primary residential parent decides to move away, the remaining parent is entitled to 45 days’ notice before the child may be relocated out-of-state or over 100 miles in-state. If the remaining parent objects to the child moving away, then the effect the relocation could have on the child must be reviewed by the court.
A.R.S. § 25-408 – Arizona Child Relocation Laws
As far as Arizona child relocation laws are concerned, the controlling Arizona statute is A.R.S. § 25-408 and applies whenever “by written agreement or court order both parents are entitled to custody or parenting time and both parents reside in the state…” In such a relocation case, the judge examines the impact the proposed move will have on the child in light of the following:
- The reason or circumstances that led the custodial parent to choose relocation.
- The impact the move will have on the noncustodial parent’s visitation.
- Whether the move is motivated by a desire to keep the child away from the noncustodial parent.
- Whether the move was motivated by bad faith or a desire to gain an advantage over child support.
- The effect such a move will have on the mental and physical well-being of the child.
Clearly, the noncustodial parent’s right to access is directly impacted by a move-away. The parents can work together toward a modified parenting time agreement that would meet the primary objectives of both while protecting each parent’s relationship with the child. Longer, but less frequent visits will usually provide the solution. Adjustments might be needed to child support, travel and lodging costs, and other expenses resulting from the noncustodial parent’s increased distance from the child. In the absence of an agreement, the court will decide the terms. An Arizona judge’s resulting order includes modifications to parenting time in a way that protects both parties, with the child’s best interests foremost in mind.
Arizona Notice of Intent to Relocate
Under Arizona Revised Statutes § 25-408, a parent intending to relocate with a child, either out of Arizona or more than 100 miles within the state, must provide the other parent with a notice in writing, sent via certified letter, at least 45 days before the move. If the non-moving parent objects to the notice of intent to relocate, a timely response is required. They have 30 days to file a petition to prevent the relocation. Failure to comply with AZ notification requirements has binding consequences, including possible modifications to legal decision-making or parenting time.
FAQs for Moving Out of State or Relocating When You Have an Arizona Custody Agreement:
Q: Can I move out of Arizona without asking the court if I have sole custody?
A: No. Legal decision-making is separate from parenting time. To leave Arizona, it is necessary for the parent to first notify the other parent of their intent to relocate. The noncustodial parent can respond by filing an objection with the court, if they choose to do so.
Q: What are the custodial parent’s rights when moving out of Arizona?
A: You must notify the other parent of your intent to relocate, you’ll need to give them advance written notice 45 days before the planned date of the move. Within this notice period, the noncustodial parent has 30 days to file an objection with the court.
Q: What are the noncustodial parent’s rights when a custodial parent wants to move out of AZ?
A: Once the custodial parent notifies you of their intent to move, you can then object through the courts, and a custody case is initiated in court. The court will then make a determination on allowing the child to move. As with other custody cases, the judge will take into consideration what is best for the child in these cases. It may not be what the child vocalizes as their “choice,” but what the magistrate or judge can determine from all known facts and factors.
Q: Can the noncustodial parent move out of state without notice?
A: Yes, a non-custodial parent generally has the right to move out of state. The legal requirement to provide written notice prior to relocating applies to moving with children. Since a non-custodial parent would not be moving with the child, notice is not required. However, assuming noncustodial parent wants their children to visit, they will obviously need to tell the other parent that they’ve moved and where they moved to. The move could render the existing custody order infeasible, which would impact the custody agreement and visitation schedule.
Q: Can a parent contest relocation of a child when they do not live in Arizona?
A: Yes, a parent not living in Arizona can contest the other Arizona-based parent’s relocation of their child. Just as when both parents live in Arizona, the custodial parent must provide written notice within 45 days of the proposed move and the noncustodial parent has 30 days to respond.
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